Apparatus for producing voltaic high-current arcs.



N o .'89 8,133. I PATENTED SEPT.-8,190'8;

- H. PAULING. APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING VCLT AIC HIGH CURRENT ARCS.

I A PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 29,1907. 4

C7 \70 H/Q I A 6,2

w Mm? To all whom it may concern:

' producing arcs of. great lengths discharges to run lclalms, reference being UNITED smr rarnm'ot nion.

HARRY PAULING, OFGELSENKIRCHEN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR 'ro TIIE FIRM or SALPETERSliURE-INDUSTRIE-GESELLSOHAFT, e. M. B. or GELSENKIFRI- CHEN, GERMANY.

APPARATUS FOR PB'ODTU 'CIN G VOLTAIC HIGH-CURRENT ARCS Be it known that I, HARRY PAUL me, a

subject of the German Emperor, and resident of 84 Wilhelmstrasse, in Gelsenkirchen IV, in the Province of Westphalia, Kingdom of Prussia, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Producin Voltaic High-Current Arcs, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to means for producingvoltaic high-current arcs such as used for chemical and hysical processes. Some of the latter will e morefully referred to after the description of my device.

In order to utilize the available energy for diverging electrodes are commonly used. To heighten the effect it has been proposed to subject the discharges, arising at the distance of greatest proximity of such electrodes,'to the action of magnetical means arranged to cause thesaid along the electrodes and in divergence thereof so as to form arcs of the'desired great lengths. Another. means pro osedto'such end'consists in a current of gas blown through the space between the electrodes with sufficient force te act like the aforesaid magnetical means.

The present invention consists, broadly, in apparatus combining some or all of these features in a peculiar manner, as will be on the direction of derstood from the following description and be particularly pointed out in the appended had to the accompanying drawing which diagrammatically shows a form of construction embodying my improvements, Figure 1 bein a vertical section, Fi 2 a horizontal section on the line Of igli z, Like numerals of reference indicate like parts. I

1 and 2 are the two oles of a magnet. Thep'ole 1 forms a sort 0 receptacle which is p open at one end; in the case represented the as tween the two.

- e -13116 pole 2 is emb- "These electrodes diverge towards the open upper end, while the pole 2 is arranged within the former so that theteis a clear space he- Locatednwithin this space are a pair of curved 'Zlectrodbs, 10, 11' so that ed by either of them.

, end of the pole 1, so that the distaiice of their or the like 6 leading rcatest proximity is at-the placefi'marked 12. pposlte the open end of the pole 1 is a pipe intp'the iiiterspace be- Specification of Letters Patent. Application filedjJuly 29, 1907. Serial No. 386,073.

the same direction as the temperatures of hightensi Patented Sept. 8 1908..

tween the dium of two lateral nose pipes 7 arranged to blow through the space between the electrodes 10, 11. Besides the pipes 7 there may also be a pipe 9 interspace.

In the case of electromagnets being employed the coils 3 thereof must be protected from the radiating heat of the discharges. be-

tween the electrodes 10, 11, by masonry or poles, preferably through the melying between the former and like these connecting the pipe 6 with the said to propagate alongthe diverging electrodes 10, 11 by the action of a suitable current of gas arriving from the nose pipes 7, and by the influence of the magnet 1, 2, which-acts in said current of gas,

or nearly so. In this way the two means serving to obtain the object in view, namely the current of gas and the magnetic efi'ect,

assist each other so as to enable arcs of great lengths to be produced in a very reliable and The increasing length of diverging peifect manner. such arcs 1s a consequenceof the position'of the electrodes, as is well known;

after having attained a definite length the well-known 12 may be arcs break and extinguish in the manner. The are started at caused to go along the electrodes or the other direction, that is to say, it may propagate either along those portions of the electrodes which extend'to the right or those extending. to the left. This depends on the direction the alternatin current, with which the electrodes are supp ied, has in each special case, a fact that results from permanent magnetic effector electromagnets'fed with either in one continouus currents-cooperating withthe said alternating, current. Thus the discharges arising at 12 will propagate in one direction or the other alternately. The air or other gas leaving the pipe 9 mainly serves for cooling the device.

will now proceed to state some of the proc esses before mentioned to which myfstpparatus maybe useful. 7 Inthe first place the device is intended for effecting. gas reactions whi h requirethe' high 11 dischargeg such,

for example, as the reaction accomplished in manufacturing nitric acid from air or the like. But the device. may also be employed or treating powdery ores by reductive or oxidizing gas mixtures. Thus sulfur ores may be roasted or calcined by means of a current ofatmospheric air, heavyparticles of the ore, or portions thereof not roasted falling back into the oven after leaving the arcs, and being blown back into the arcs by the current of air. The same mode of working may be employed for metallizing ore oxids by the aid of the gases of a blast furnace which are subjected to the requisite pressure to such slid. The apparatus may further be.

used for the treatment of ores in pieces, and for melting down metal blocks or waste pieces. To such end gases, air, or mixtures of gases, are heated by means of the described arrangements to the desired temperature, whereupon they are brought to act on the material to be heated or chemically influenced, as thecase maybe. Similarly the device may-be employed tor thickening solu tions, for drying and calcining salts, etc. These processes may be effected in conjunction with preliminary. or subsequent gas reac-' tions of'the nature before mentioned.

Changes in the form, proportion, size, and the-minor details may be resorted to without departing from the idea or sacrificing any of the advantages of this invention. 1

What I claim is:

1. In an apparatus forproducing voltaic highcurrent arcs, in combination, a magnet one pole of which forms a receptacle open at one end, such receptacle inclosing the other pole of the said magnetwith a clear space heseems tween them, and a pair of curved electrodes arranged within this space so that the second said pole is embraced by both of them, such. electrodes diver ing towards the open end of the first said po e, substantiall as set forth.

2. In an apparatus for pro ueing voltaic high-current arcs, in combination, a magnet one pole of which forms a receptacle open at one end, such receptacle inclosing the other pole of the said magnet with aclear space between them, and a pair of curved electrodes arranged within this space so that the second said pole is embraced by both of them, such electrodes diver ing towards the 0 en end of the first said. pole, and means for lowing a current of gas through the space between the electrodes and in the directlon of divergence thereof, substantially as specified. I

3. In an apparatus for producing voltaic high-current arcs, in combination, a magnet one pole of which forms a receptacle open at one end, such receptacle inclosing the other pole of the said magnet with a clear space be tween them, and a pair of curved electrodes arranged within this space so that the second said pole is embraced by both of them, such electrodes diver ing towards the open end of the first said p0 e, and a pair of nose pipes extending through the closed end of the first said pole and lying on opposite sides of the second said pole, substantlally as described. In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name this 22 day of June 1907, presence of two subscribin witnesses.

HAR Y PAULING. Witnesses:

' CARL HEINRICH,

RICHARD MERKEL.

m the p 

